sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Arenite (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2, often with iron oxides like Limonite)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, or rusty orange; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (fractures around grains).
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, yellowish-brown, or rusty orange
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, or rusty orange; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (fractures around grains).
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The yellowish-brown hue suggests oxidation of iron-rich minerals (chemical weathering) and exposure to moisture.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, road base materials, and as an architectural building stone. High-purity sandstone is a source of silica for glassmaking.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The distinct coloring in this specimen is likely due to the presence of goethite or limonite, which act as a natural 'rust' dye for the rock.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide in sedimentary basins. Collectors should look for unique layering or fossils often trapped within these strata.
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