sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, and grey with ochre-colored iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, and grey with ochre-colored iron oxidation
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, and grey with ochre-colored iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments. The brown patches indicate secondary oxidation of iron-rich minerals.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in paving, for making grindstones, and in the glass manufacturing industry due to high silica content.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient riverbeds. It makes up approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors look for unique banding (liesegang rings) or fossil inclusions.
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