sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Arenite (Siliclastic sedimentary rock)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brown, tan, reddish-orange due to iron oxidation, Luster: Dull to earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brown, tan, reddish-orange due to iron oxidation, Luster: Dull to earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. Often dated to various geological eras from Paleozoic to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in construction as a building material, pavers, or crushed stone. Smaller specimens are common for educational purposes or as simple garden decor.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. Over time, the iron within the cementing material oxidizes when exposed to oxygen, giving many specimens a rusty or reddish-brown hue.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layered bedding. It is commonly found in riverbeds, canyons, and sedimentary basins worldwide.
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