sedimentary
Sandstone (with Limonite/Iron Staining)
Arenite (SiO2 based) with FeO(OH) staining
Hardness: 6-7 (quartz grains); Color: Tan, orange, rusty brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porosity: High
- Hardness
- 6-7 (quartz grains)
- Color
- Tan, orange, rusty brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (quartz grains); Color: Tan, orange, rusty brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porosity: High
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, primarily quartz. The orange-yellow hue is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals (limonite staining) within the matrix, often in riverbeds or arid environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass or filter systems. Small specimens serve as educational samples.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The color variations in sandstone landscapes, like the Grand Canyon, are often due to the same iron oxide processes seen in this small stone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide, especially in desert regions or ancient seabed outcrops. Look for layered bedding.
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