sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan to light brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan to light brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean beach environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in decorative masonry, as road base gravel, and as a reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone is highly porous and serves as one of the most important aquifers for drinking water globally. Some of the world's most famous desert landscapes, like the Grand Canyon, are composed primarily of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Found in sedimentary basins worldwide. When identifying in the field, look for layering (bedding) and test the hardness; it should easily scratch glass if silica-rich.
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