sedimentary

Sandstone

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementing material); Color: Tan, yellowish, or light brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular, feel like sandpaper; Composition: Primarily quartz and feldspar grains.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementing material)
Color: Tan, yellowish, or light brown
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified July 16, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Sandstone forms from the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Over millions of years, these deposits are buried and compressed under heavy layers of sediment, while minerals like silica or calcium carbonate act as a cement to bind the grains together.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a building material, paving stone, and in the production of glass. It is also used as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry due to its porosity.

Geological facts

Sandstone records a history of ancient environments like deserts, rivers, and beaches. Some of the world's most famous natural arches and canyons, like those in Zion National Park, are carved out of massive sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It can often be found in areas that were once ancient oceans or river systems. Look for bedding planes or layers in larger outcrops.