sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 principal component)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, yellow, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (visible sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, yellow, or brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 15, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, yellow, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (visible sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed via the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size (0.0625 to 2 mm) by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide, typically in river, lake, or ocean environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing, and as an aquifer for groundwater or a reservoir for oil and gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Iconic formations include the Antelope Canyon and the Grand Canyon walls.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. Commonly found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal cliffs. Look for uniform grain sizes.