sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich)
Color: Tan, yellow, or buff
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 15, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Over millions of years, pressure and mineral cements (like silica or calcium carbonate) bind the grains together in desert, river, or ocean environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction, paving, as an ornamental stone in landscaping, and as a reservoir rock in the oil and gas industry.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve fossil footprints and ripple marks from ancient tidal zones, providing a 'snapshot' of environmental conditions from millions of years ago.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel. It is found globally, particularly in areas like the American Southwest or the United Kingdom. Look for bedding planes (horizontal layers) when identifying in the field.