sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, beige, brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high silica content), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossil footprints and ripple marks from ancient riverbeds or beaches. It accounts for about 20 to 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper). Look for layering or bedding planes. Common in arid regions and coastal cliffs.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Mudstone
Argillite / Siliciclastic sedimentary rock
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Brown Sandstone (River Rock)
Arenite
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Cone-in-cone structure (Limestone)
Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Shale or Slaty Mudstone
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
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