sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Feel: Gritty like sandpaper.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish-brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 15, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Feel: Gritty like sandpaper.

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains, typically quartz or feldspar. These grains are deposited in environments like deserts, riverbeds, or beaches and cemented together by minerals like silica or calcite over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. Sandstone aquifers are also vital sources of groundwater.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient water currents. It makes up approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture and visible sand grains. Look for horizontal layering (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors look for specific patterns like 'picture sandstone' or fossils.