sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, buff; Luster: Dull, earthy; Texture: Granular, feels like sandpaper; Crystal Structure: Clastic grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs)
Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, buff
Luster: Dull, earthy

Identified July 15, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, buff; Luster: Dull, earthy; Texture: Granular, feels like sandpaper; Crystal Structure: Clastic grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains (mostly quartz and feldspar). These deposits occur in deserts, riverbeds, and coastal environments where compaction and mineral precipitation (like silica or calcium carbonate) bind the grains over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and decorative landscaping rock. High-purity sandstones are used in glass manufacturing and as industrial abrasives.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon are composed of massive sandstone layers, and many ancient monuments like those in Petra, Jordan, are carved directly into sandstone cliffs.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' feel and visible grain structure under a magnifying glass. It often shows bedding planes or layers. It is found globally in sedimentary basins.