sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Cleavage: None; Grains are visible and feel gritty like sandpaper.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich)
Color: Tan, brown, or buff
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 19, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Cleavage: None; Grains are visible and feel gritty like sandpaper.

Formation & geological history

Formed over millions of years through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. Also serves as an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are primarily composed of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture and visible sand grains. It common in outcrop cliffs and canyon walls globally. Test with a drop of vinegar; if it fizzes, it contains calcium carbonate cement (calcarenite).