sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 composition primarily)
Mohs Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), Color: Tan, brown, or grayish, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible sand grains, Cleavage: None
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Physical properties
Mohs Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), Color: Tan, brown, or grayish, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible sand grains, Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years, often in river beds, beaches, or deserts.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for house building, paving, and decorative stonework. High-purity sandstone is used to make glass.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often preserves fossils and ripple marks from ancient water currents.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty feel and visible sand grains. It is extremely common worldwide in sedimentary basins and exposed cliffs.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Sedimentary Sandstone
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Fossiliferous Concretion
Septarian Concretion containing Brachiopods/Crinoids
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Shale
Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)
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Brown Sandstone (River Rock)
Arenite
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Shale
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
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