sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 predominantly)

Mohs hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), 2-3 (overall matrix). Color: Tan, brown, reddish-yellow. Luster: Dull/Earthy. Texture: Granular, similar to sandpaper; porous. Crystal structure: Clastic.

Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), 2-3 (overall matrix)
Color: Tan, brown, reddish-yellow
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 16, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Mohs hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), 2-3 (overall matrix). Color: Tan, brown, reddish-yellow. Luster: Dull/Earthy. Texture: Granular, similar to sandpaper; porous. Crystal structure: Clastic.

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation of sand-sized minerals (usually quartz or feldspar) and organic material, compacted and cemented over millions of years by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction as a building stone (ashlars, pavers), for making grindstones, as a reservoir for oil and water, and as a decorative landscaping material.

Geological facts

Sandstone records historical environmental changes; it can preserve ripple marks from ancient rivers and fossilized footprints or tracks of prehistoric animals.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture that feels like sandpaper and its visible layers (bedding). Commonly found in desert environments, river basins, and coastal regions. Scratching the surface will usually release sand grains.