sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. Often formed in ancient deserts, riverbeds, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as dimension stone, paving, and road gravel. Historically used for domestic tools like grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rock. It is a major reservoir for groundwater and oil/gas because of its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel. Look for layering (bedding planes) and visible grains. Common in arid canyons and coastal cliffs.
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Arenite (if sandstone)
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Mudstone
Argillite / Siliciclastic sedimentary rock
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Brown Sandstone (River Rock)
Arenite
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Cone-in-cone structure (Limestone)
Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Shale or Slaty Mudstone
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
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