mineral

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive-green, yellow-green, or brownish
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Formation & geological history

Primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, typically formed in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt, gabbro, and peridotite. Often crystallizes from cooling magma deep underground or is brought to the surface in volcanic eruptions.

Uses & applications

Used as a gemstone (Peridot) in jewelry, as a flux for steel production, as a refractory material for casting molds, and for sequestering CO2 in environmental engineering.

Geological facts

Olivine is one of the most common minerals on Earth by volume (due to its presence in the mantle) and has been discovered in meteorites (Pallasites) and on the moon and Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive 'olive' green color and vitreous luster. In the field, look for small, glassy green grains in dark volcanic rocks like basalt. Commonly found in Hawaii, Arizona, Norway, and Canary Islands.

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