metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Chrysotile/Lizardite mix - Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: shades of greenish-yellow to dark green with brown iron staining, Luster: waxy to greasy, Crystal structure: monoclinic, Cleavage: poor/conchoidal fracture
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: shades of greenish-yellow to dark green with brown iron staining, Luster: waxy to greasy, Crystal structure: monoclinic, Cleavage: poor/conchoidal fracture
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks like peridotite and pyroxenite, often at tectonic plate boundaries (serpentinization).
Uses & applications
Source of magnesium, decorative carvings, architectural stone, and historically for fire-resistant textiles (asbestos varieties).
Geological facts
California designated serpentine as its official state rock in 1965. It is actually a group of minerals rather than a single species.
Field identification & locations
Look for a distinctive greasy luster and greenish waxy appearance. Commonly found along fault zones and ophiolite complexes. Identifying feature is its softness (can often be scratched with a knife) and slippery feel.
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