metamorphic
Serpentinite (Commonly Serpentine)
Serpentinite (containing minerals like lizardite, antigorite, or chrysotile Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3–6 on Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellowish, or blackish green; Luster: waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor/basal; Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 3–6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- olive green, yellowish, or blackish green
- Luster
- waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3–6 on Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellowish, or blackish green; Luster: waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor/basal; Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, a process called serpentinization, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative architectural stone, source of asbestos (chrysotile), and in jewelry/carving due to its softness and attractive green color.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It is often associated with the occurrence of rare minerals and can host unique plant communities specially adapted to the high magnesium and low calcium soils it produces.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'serpent-like' green color, waxy feel, and common occurrence near fault zones or mountain ranges like the Appalachians or the Cascades. Often exhibits 'slickensides' or polished surfaces.
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