metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals such as Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile)
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, brownish-green, or bluish-gray; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good to perfect (though usually massive); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Green, brownish-green, or bluish-gray
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, brownish-green, or bluish-gray; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good to perfect (though usually massive); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration (serpentinization) of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, such as peridotite or pyroxenite, at low temperatures and high pressures near tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as a source of asbestos, for decorative carvings, as building stone, and occasionally in jewelry as a substitute for jade.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique soil conditions that support rare or endemic plant species due to its high magnesium and low calcium content.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, green color, and 'slippery' soapy feel. Often found in ophiolite complexes and subduction zones where oceanic crust has been uplifted.
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