mineral
Sphalerite with Siderite and Pyrite
Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) with Iron Carbonate (FeCO3) and Iron Disulfide (FeS2)
Sphalerite: Hardness 3.5-4, metallic to adamantine luster, black to resinous color, isometric crystal system. Siderite: Pale yellow/brown bladed crystals. Pyrite: Brassy yellow metallic luster.
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Physical properties
Sphalerite: Hardness 3.5-4, metallic to adamantine luster, black to resinous color, isometric crystal system. Siderite: Pale yellow/brown bladed crystals. Pyrite: Brassy yellow metallic luster.
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins through the precipitation of sulfide minerals from hot, mineral-rich fluids at low to moderate temperatures, often associated with sedimentary lead-zinc deposits.
Uses & applications
Sphalerite is the primary ore for zinc production. Siderite is an iron ore. Specimens are highly valued by mineral collectors for their complex crystal habits and luster.
Geological facts
Sphalerite is known for its high dispersion, which can exceed that of a diamond when clear enough to be cut, although its softness makes it unsuitable for most jewelry.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the distinct dodecahedral or tetrahedral crystal forms and resinous luster. Common in Mississippi Valley-type deposits, Peru, and Bulgaria.
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