mineral

Peridot (Olivine)

Olivine (Magnesium Iron Silicate), (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green, lime-green, yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.3

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive-green, lime-green, yellowish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified June 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green, lime-green, yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.3

Formation & geological history

Peridot is one of the few gemstones formed deep in the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It is common in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt or peridotite. Examples date back billions of years to the formation of the solar system, as it's also found in some meteorites.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (the August birthstone). Low-quality olivine is used as a flux for steel production, in sandblasting, and as a refractory material.

Geological facts

Peridot is sometimes called 'the evening emerald' because it glows brilliantly under artificial light. It has been found in Pallasite meteorites, meaning some specimens are literally extraterrestrial. It is also the national gem of Egypt.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct 'olive' green color in volcanic basalt nodes or as small vitreous grains in dark igneous rock. Common locations include Arizona (USA), Pakistan, Myanmar, and Zabargad Island (Egypt).

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sedimentary

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metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

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Mineral/Rock

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Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

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mineral