mineral

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5-3 (Mohs scale); Color: Copper-red on fresh surfaces, tarnish to dull brown or green (malachite); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94.

Hardness: 2
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 8, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-3 (Mohs scale); Color: Copper-red on fresh surfaces, tarnish to dull brown or green (malachite); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins or as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. Often associated with basaltic lavas or sedimentary rocks where mineral-rich fluids have passed. Can range from Proterozoic to more recent geological ages.

Uses & applications

Major source of copper for electrical wiring, plumbing, and electronics. Also used in alloys like bronze and brass, artistic sculptures, and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors.

Geological facts

Native copper was the first metal used by humans, with historical use dating back over 10,000 years. The Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan is world-famous for the largest deposits of native copper ever found.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (heavy for its size), malleability (can be flattened with a hammer), and distinct copper-red streak. Commonly found in Michigan (USA), Chile, and Australia. Collectors look for unique 'branch-like' (dendritic) or hoppered crystal shapes.