metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Rock containing Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2, Pyrite, and Calcite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue to violet-blue
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by plutonic intrusions. It is found in rocks ranging from several million to hundreds of millions of years old, primarily in hydrothermal environments.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry, ornamental carvings, beads, and sculpture. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for fine art painting.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined in the Sar-e-Sang mines of Afghanistan for over 6,000 years. It was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and the funerary mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its intense 'royal blue' color, often accompanied by gold-colored specks of pyrite and white streaks of calcite. Common locations include Afghanistan (best quality), Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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