Amethyst

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings in geodes. The purple color comes from irradiation of iron impurities within the quartz structure. Most specimens range from late Mesozoic to Cenozoic eras.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry as a gemstone, decorative ornaments, and highly valued by mineral collectors for crystal clusters.

Geological Facts

Until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the cardinal gemstones, ranked alongside diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire. Its name comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated'.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic purple color and crystal habit. Found globally with major deposits in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Ontario. Collectors look for deep saturation and clarity.

Identified on: 5/2/2026

Mode: Standard