metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Various shades of green, dark green to black. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Various shades of green, dark green to black
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Various shades of green, dark green to black. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like peridotite from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural building stone, in sculpture, as a source for magnesium and asbestos (historically), and as decorative jewelry or lapidary material.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often contains veins of chrysotile, which is a common form of asbestos.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic green color, waxy to soapy feel, and mottled appearance resembling snake skin. Found in mountain belts like the Appalachians and the California Coast Ranges.
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