mineral

Graphite

Graphite (C)

Hardness: 1-2 on Mohs scale; Color: Iron-black to steel-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Basal perfect; Specific Gravity: 2.09–2.23.

Hardness: 1-2 on Mohs scale
Color: Iron-black to steel-gray
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified March 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 1-2 on Mohs scale; Color: Iron-black to steel-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Basal perfect; Specific Gravity: 2.09–2.23.

Formation & geological history

Formed by the metamorphism of carbonaceous sedimentary rocks or through the crystallization of carbon in igneous rocks and hydrothermal veins. It typically forms in regional metamorphic environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a dry lubricant, in the manufacture of steel and crucibles, as the 'lead' in pencils, in lithium-ion batteries, and for brake linings.

Geological facts

Graphite and diamond are polymorphs, meaning they have the same chemical composition (pure carbon) but different crystal structures. It is one of the softest minerals and is highly conductive.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its greasy feel, metallic luster, and its ability to leave a dark gray mark on paper or skin. Common localities include China, India, Brazil, and Canada.