Mineral

Hematite

Iron (III) Oxide, Fe2O3

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Metallic gray to black in reflective specimens; often reddish-brown in earthy forms. Luster: Metallic to submetallic. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal. Streak: Characteristically cherry-red to reddish-brown. Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black in reflective specimens
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in igneous rocks or through hydrothermal processes, but most commonly found in sedimentary Banded Iron Formations (BIFs). Significant deposits formed during the Great Oxygenation Event roughly 2.4 billion years ago.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for the global steel industry. Also used as a pigment (ochre), a polishing abrasive (jeweler's rouge), and frequently in jewelry as beads or carved intaglios.

Geological facts

Hematite is the reason why Mars is known as the 'Red Planet'—it is covered in iron oxide dust. Its name is derived from the Greek word 'haimatitis', meaning 'blood-like', referring to the red color of its streak and powdered form.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by rubbing the specimen against a streak plate (unglazed porcelain) to see the diagnostic cherry-red streak. It is denser than most rocks of its size. Found globally, with massive deposits in the Lake Superior region of North America, Brazil, and Australia.