metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (Actinolite-Tremolite series)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Dark spinach green to olive; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (microcrystalline fibrous mass); Cleavage: None (due to interlocking structure); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark spinach green to olive
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Dark spinach green to olive; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (microcrystalline fibrous mass); Cleavage: None (due to interlocking structure); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite or dolomite) under high pressure and relatively low temperatures. Often found in tectonic subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for jewelry (bangles, beads), ornamental carvings, and historical tools/weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is famous for its exceptional toughness, being more resistant to fracture than steel. It was highly prized in ancient China and by the Maori of New Zealand for its durability and spiritual significance.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel and extreme toughness. Unlike jadeite, it typically lacks a granular (sugar-like) texture. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Taiwan.
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