Nephrite Jade

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep forest green with possible black inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (felted microcrystalline fibers); Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the contact metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or the metasomatism of ultramafic rocks by silica-rich fluids. It occurs in subduction zones and mountain-building regions.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness.

Geological Facts

Nephrite is famous for its toughness, which is superior even to diamond; while diamond is harder, nephrite is less prone to fracturing because of its interlocking fibrous structure. It was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in ancient China.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its extreme toughness (it is very difficult to break), greasy luster when polished, and dense weight. It is commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA).

Identified on: 4/14/2026

Mode: Standard