mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (tumbled metallic) or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (often found as massive or botryoidal forms); Cleavage: None (has a subconchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 4.9–5.3.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black (tumbled metallic) or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Hematite forms in a wide variety of environments, primarily through the precipitation of iron-rich water in sedimentary basins (Banded Iron Formations/BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years. It also occurs as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks or via hydrothermal activity.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used heavily in the steel industry. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), and frequently in jewelry as beads or tumbled stones.

Geological facts

One of the most definitive ways to identify hematite is through its 'streak': despite appearing silvery-black, it will leave a rust-red powder when rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate. It is also found in abundance on Mars, giving the 'Red Planet' its signature color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (heavy for its size), metallic luster, and the red streak test. It is common in mining regions like the Lake Superior district (USA), Brazil, Australia, and China. Collectors should be aware of 'Hemalyke,' a synthetic simulant often sold as magnetic hematite.