Seraphinite

Hardness: 2-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green with silver to white chatoyant fibers, resembling feathers or wings; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Monoclinic, typically found in massive, flaky, or fibrous aggregates; Cleavage: Perfect basal cleavage; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.0

Seraphinite forms through metamorphic processes, specifically low to medium-grade metamorphism of ultramafic rocks. It is a variety of clinochlore, which is part of the chlorite mineral group. Its characteristic feathery or winged patterns are due to the arrangement of mica-like inclusions within the clinochlore. Geological age can vary depending on the metamorphic event, but many significant deposits are associated with ancient mountain-building events.

Primarily used as an ornamental stone and in jewelry for its unique chatoyant appearance. It is often cut into cabochons, beads, and polished natural shapes for pendants and other adornments. It is also collected by mineral enthusiasts.

The name Seraphinite comes from the Greek word 'seraphim', referring to celestial beings with wings, due to the feathery patterns observed in the stone. It is highly valued for its striking visual appeal. While clinochlore is common, the specific quality and pattern that classify it as seraphinite are rarer.

In the field, Seraphinite is identified by its distinctive dark green color with silvery, feather-like inclusions that exhibit chatoyancy (a 'cat's eye' effect or wavy reflection when light hits it). Its relative softness (easy to scratch with a knife) also helps in identification. The primary commercial source of seraphinite is the Korshunovskoye iron mine in Siberia, Russia. Collectors should look for vibrant green colors and well-defined, shimmering patterns.