mineral

Hematite Nodular Iron Ore

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5. Color: Black to steel-gray, silver, or reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3. It leaves a characteristic rust-red streak.

Hardness: 5
Color: Black to steel-gray, silver, or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy

Identified June 14, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily as a sedimentary precipitate in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back 2.4 billion years, or through hydrothermal replacement and the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals in soil (laterite).

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in heavy media separation, as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), and in gemstone bead jewelry.

Geological facts

Hematite is actually responsible for the red color of Mars. Though it looks black or metallic on the outside, it is chemically composed of rust, which is why its 'streak' remains red when rubbed against a tile.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and by doing a streak test on unglazed porcelain to look for a reddish-brown mark. Commonly found in large deposits in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region.