Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep blue with gold-flecked pyrite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral crystals are rare); Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed by contact metamorphism of limestone or marble into which magma has intruded. It is mainly composed of lazurite, calcite, and pyrite.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically as a source for the pigment ultramarine.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli was used in the burial mask of Tutankhamun. It has been mined in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for over 6,000 years, making it one of the longest-used gemstones in human history.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its intense 'royal blue' color and the presence of golden pyrite flecks. High-quality specimens have minimal white calcite veining. Found mostly in Afghanistan, Russia, Chile, and Myanmar.

Identified on: 4/28/2026

Mode: Standard