metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Lizardite (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs); Color: Olive green to yellowish-green with dark mottled veins; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good in one direction; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.9.
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Olive green to yellowish-green with dark mottled veins
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs); Color: Olive green to yellowish-green with dark mottled veins; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good in one direction; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks like peridotite or pyroxenite, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or oceanic crust settings.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural ornamental stone (Verde Antique green marble), as a source of magnesium, in jewelry as a jade substitute, and historically as an insulation material (asbestos variants).
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California; it is often mistaken for jade due to its color and texture, but it is significantly softer. It forms the base of many unique 'serpentine soil' ecosystems that host rare plant life.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' pattern, greasy feel, and waxy luster. Commonly found along fault zones in the Appalachian and Coast Ranges. Collectors look for translucent green pieces for carving.
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