Turquoise and Hematite

Physical Properties

Turquoise: Mohs hardness 5-6, sky-blue to green, waxy to subvitreous luster, triclinic crystal system. Hematite: Mohs hardness 5.5-6.5, metallic grey/black, metallic luster, hexagonal crystal system.

Formation & Geological History

Turquoise forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper deposits via hydrothermal processes. Hematite is an iron oxide mineral occurring in sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, often formed in banded iron formations.

Uses & Applications

Predominantly used in jewelry, lapidary arts, and as collector gemstones. Hematite also has industrial use as iron ore and in pigments.

Geological Facts

Turquoise has been prized for over 5,000 years, used by Ancient Egyptians and Native Americans. Hematite is the most important ore of iron and is also found in abundance on the surface of Mars.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify Turquoise by its unique robin's egg blue and waxy feel (be aware of dyed howlite substitutes). Identify Hematite by its high density and characteristic reddish-brown streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

Mode: Standard