metamorphic
Nephrite Jade (River Pebble)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark olive with brown weathering rind; Luster: Greasy to waxy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline (felted) texture; Cleavage: None (highly tough/fracture resistant); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage green to dark olive with brown weathering rind
- Luster
- Greasy to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark olive with brown weathering rind; Luster: Greasy to waxy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline (felted) texture; Cleavage: None (highly tough/fracture resistant); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich calcareous rocks or ultramafic igneous rocks in the presence of water; typically found in subduction zones. This specimen appears to be a water-worn river pebble, likely transported from its parent deposit over thousands of years.
Uses & applications
Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to extreme toughness; currently used in jewelry (cabochons), ornamental carvings, and holistic wellness tools.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher (more resistant to breaking) than diamond because of its interlocking fibrous structure. It has been used for over 5,000 years, particularly in China where it is known as the 'Stone of Heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high density/weight, 'greasy' feel when wet, and the characteristic brown weathering rind (oxidation) on its outer surface. Commonly found in riverbeds in British Columbia, California, New Zealand (Pounamu), and Siberia.
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