Turquoise color-bead and Hematite necklace

Physical Properties

Turquoise: Hardness 5-6, waxy/matte luster, sky-blue/green. Hematite: Hardness 5.5-6.5, metallic luster, steel-gray, high specific gravity.

Formation & Geological History

Turquoise is a secondary mineral that forms through the infiltration of moisture through aluminum-rich rocks. Hematite is an iron oxide found in banded iron formations and as a sublimation product in volcanic areas.

Uses & Applications

Primary use is in jewelry, lapidary arts, and as ornamental gemstones. Hematite also serves as a major ore of iron.

Geological Facts

Turquoise has been mined since at least 3000 BCE in Ancient Egypt. Many modern turquoise beads are actually dyed Howlite or Magnesite to lower costs.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify Turquoise by its robin-egg blue color and dark matrix veins. Identify Hematite by its 'metal' feel and red streak when scratched on unglazed porcelain.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

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