igneous
Vesicular Basalt (Scoria)
Mafic Igneous Volcanic Rock
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Black to dark grey. Luster: Dull to sub-vitreous. Texture: Vesicular (full of holes/bubble cavities). Specific gravity: 2.7-3.2.
- Hardness
- 5-6 Mohs
- Color
- Black to dark grey
- Luster
- Dull to sub-vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Black to dark grey. Luster: Dull to sub-vitreous. Texture: Vesicular (full of holes/bubble cavities). Specific gravity: 2.7-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava. The holes (vesicles) are created by gas bubbles that were trapped in the lava as it solidified near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Used in landscaping, construction (aggregate for concrete), gas grill lava rocks, and as a natural abrasive in the textile industry (stone-washing jeans).
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock on Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floors. It is also common on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight (relative to its appearance), and prominent holes. Common in volcanic regions such as Hawaii, Iceland, and the Pacific Northwest.
