igneous
Vesicular Basalt with Xenocrysts
Mafic Igneous Plutonic/Extrusive Complex
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs; Color: Gray matrix with black glassy inclusions; Luster: Dull matrix, vitreous inclusions; Crystal structure: Aphanitic with visible crystals; Cleavage: None/Irregular
- Hardness
- 5-6 Mohs
- Color
- Gray matrix with black glassy inclusions
- Luster
- Dull matrix, vitreous inclusions
Identified More igneous →
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs; Color: Gray matrix with black glassy inclusions; Luster: Dull matrix, vitreous inclusions; Crystal structure: Aphanitic with visible crystals; Cleavage: None/Irregular
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava. The small holes (vesicles) are formed by trapped gas, while the black crystals are minerals that crystallized before the lava erupted.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as aggregate in construction, road base, and for landscaping. Some unique specimens are kept as geological study samples.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark gray color, heavy weight (high density), and the presence of small holes or embedded dark minerals. Found in volcanic regions globally.
