igneous
Vesicular Basalt
Extrusive Mafic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Dark grey to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Aphanitic with vesicles (gas bubbles); Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Dark grey to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
Identified More igneous →
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Dark grey to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Aphanitic with vesicles (gas bubbles); Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at the Earth's surface. The holes (vesicles) were created by escaping gas bubbles during solidification.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction (aggregate, road base), landscaping (lava rocks), and occasionally for stone grilling or thermal therapy (hot stones).
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found on the Moon, Mars, and Venus.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight (density), and small holes. Commonly found in volcanic regions or ancient lava flow beds.
