mineral

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs), Color: purple, violet, or lavender, Luster: Vitreous/Glassy, Crystal system: Hexagonal (trigonal), No cleavage, Specific gravity: 2.65

Identified May 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs), Color: purple, violet, or lavender, Luster: Vitreous/Glassy, Crystal system: Hexagonal (trigonal), No cleavage, Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Forms in hydrothermal veins or as linings in geodes. The purple color is caused by gamma irradiation of trivalent iron impurities within the quartz crystal structure.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, as well as for lapidary work, decorative geodes, and metaphysical collecting.

Geological facts

Amethyst was once considered one of the five cardinal gemstones alongside diamonds and rubies until large deposits were found in Brazil. The name comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated'.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its purple color and typical quartz crystal habit. It is commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for saturated color and clarity.