mineral

Yellow Quartz (Citrine or Iron-Stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden honey; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to golden honey
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified February 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden honey; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites. The yellow color is typically caused by trace amounts of iron or heat-treating amethyst/smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Used widely in the jewelry industry as a semi-precious gemstone, in watch making (as oscillator plates), glass making, and by collectors or practitioners of crystal healing.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is rare; most commercial 'citrine' is actually amethyst that has been heat-treated. It is historically known as the 'Success Stone' and the 'Merchant's Stone'.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (it should scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and translucent yellow color. Common in Brazil, Madagascar, and the USA. Collectors look for clarity and depth of color.

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