Sandstone

Physical Properties

Mohs hardness: 6-7; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.4

Formation & Geological History

Formed over millions of years by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. Various geological ages from Precambrian to Holocene.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in construction as building stone, pavers, and decorative facades. Crushed sandstone is used in road bases and glass manufacturing.

Geological Facts

Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints or ripple marks from ancient water currents. It is a major reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum because of its porosity.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. Often found in outcropping ledges or layered canyon walls. Test for hardness to distinguish from weaker siltstones.

Identified on: 5/15/2026

Mode: Standard