Specular Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with a glittering micaceous sheen; Luster: Specular/Metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown.

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins or via metamorphic processes where iron-rich fluids precipitate. It is often found in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back billions of years to the Precambrian era.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; crushed for use as industrial abrasives; the specular variety is popular in gemstone collecting and costume jewelry due to its high 'sparkle'.

Geological Facts

The name 'specular' comes from the Latin 'speculum,' meaning mirror, because small flakes were once used as reflective surfaces. Despite its black/silver appearance, it will leave a bright red streak on a porcelain plate.

Field Identification & Locations

To identify in the field, check for high density (heaviness) and the diagnostic red streak. Common in mining districts such as the Lake Superior region (USA), Brazil, and Elba (Italy).

Identified on: 4/28/2026

Mode: Standard