mineral

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this image), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions (octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.51

Identified May 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this image), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions (octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.51

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150-250 kilometers, and brought to the surface by kimberlite or lamproite volcanic eruptions.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry (gemstones) and industrially for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known on Earth. Some diamonds are over 3 billion years old. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), adamantine luster, and association with kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits. Common locations include South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Botswana.