metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Lizardite (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark green to yellowish-green with mottled patterns, Luster: Waxy to greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic (often massive), Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark green to yellowish-green with mottled patterns, Luster: Waxy to greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic (often massive), Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) containing olivine and pyroxene at low temperatures and high pressures in the presence of water (Serpentinization).
Uses & applications
Used for carvings, decorative architecture, ornamental stones, and historically for talismans. Fibrous varieties (Asbestos) were used for fireproofing.
Geological facts
The name is derived from its snake-like green color and mottled texture. It is the state rock of California and has a unique slippery feel when wet or polished.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic green color and waxy feel. It is soft enough to be scratched by a steel nail. Commonly found in tectonic plate boundaries and ophiolite complexes worldwide.
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