metamorphic
Marble
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: typically white, but can be pink, green, or gray with veining; Luster: vitreous to pearly; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (rhombohedral); Specific Gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: typically white, but can be pink, green, or gray with veining; Luster: vitreous to pearly; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (rhombohedral); Specific Gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolostone, under intense heat and pressure over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for flooring, countertops, and tiles; sculptural medium for statues; agricultural lime; and as an abrasive in cleaning products.
Geological facts
Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of very pure limestone. The characteristic 'veins' in colored marble are usually due to various mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, or iron oxides.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its softness (can be scratched by a copper penny or steel blade) and its effervescence (bubbling) when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Common locations include Italy (Carrara), Greece, and the United States (Vermont/Georgia).
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