mineral

Galena

Lead Sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead-gray to silver-blue; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific Gravity: Very high (7.4 to 7.6).

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead-gray to silver-blue
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 14, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in hydrothermal veins and sedimentary environments through the cooling of mineral-rich fluids or precipitation. It is found in rocks of various geological ages, often associated with sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of lead; used in battery manufacturing, lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding, and ammunition. Historically used for making kohl and silver refining.

Geological facts

Galena is the most important ore of lead and often contains enough silver to be an important silver ore as well. It was used as a semiconductor in early crystal radio sets.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its distinct cubic cleavage, high density (unexpectedly heavy for its size), and metallic silver-gray streak. Common locations include Missouri and Kansas (USA), England, and Germany.