mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.76

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.76

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic or hydrothermal environments where beryllium-bearing fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-rich rocks (like schist or limestone). Typical ages vary by deposit, from millions to billions of years.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings). Low-grade specimens are kept by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Emeralds are often 'oiled' to fill surface-reaching fractures and improve clarity. Most natural emeralds contain internal inclusions known as 'jardin' (French for garden).

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color and hexagonal prism crystal habit. Key locations include Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Seek high-quality green saturation and transparency.

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