mineral

Chrysocolla Chalcedony

Hydrated Copper Phyllosilicate (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4 + SiO2

Hardness: 2-4 (soft in pure form, 6.5-7 when mixed with silica); Color: Cyan, blue-green, emerald green, brown, black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic/Amorphous; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.4

Hardness: 2-4 (soft in pure form, 6
Color: Cyan, blue-green, emerald green, brown, black
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified May 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies where copper-rich solutions react with silica and aluminum. It is often found associated with malachite, azurite, and quartz. Some of these specimens appear to be 'Gem Silica' or chrysocolla-stained chalcedony.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and as a minor ore of copper. It is highly valued by mineral collectors for its vivid colors.

Geological facts

The name 'Chrysocolla' comes from the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its ancient use as a material for soldering gold. It is often confused with turquoise because of its similar color profile.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its vivid cyan-green color and frequent association with other copper minerals. Field tests include the 'tongue test' (it may stick to the tongue due to porosity). It is commonly found in Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and Congo.

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